本篇講下如何使用純python代碼將excel 中的圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片。這里需要使用的模塊有win32com、pythoncom模塊。
網(wǎng)上經(jīng)查詢有人已經(jīng)寫好的模塊pyxlchart，具體代碼如下：
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from win32com.client import Dispatchimport osimport pythoncomclass Pyxlchart(object): """ This class exports charts in an Excel Spreadsheet to the FileSystem win32com libraries are required. """ def __init__(self): pythoncom.CoInitialize() self.WorkbookDirectory = '' self.WorkbookFilename = '' self.GetAllWorkbooks = False self.SheetName = '' self.ChartName = '' self.GetAllWorkbookCharts = False self.GetAllWorksheetCharts = False self.ExportPath = '' self.ImageFilename = '' self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar = '_' self.ImageType = 'jpg' def __del__(self): pass def start_export(self): if self.WorkbookDirectory == '': return "WorkbookDirectory not set" else: self._export() def _export(self): """ Exports Charts as determined by the settings in class variabels. """ excel = Dispatch("excel.application") excel.Visible = False wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.join(self.WorkbookDirectory ,self.WorkbookFilename)) self._get_Charts_In_Worksheet(wb,self.SheetName,self.ChartName) wb.Close(False) excel.Quit() def _get_Charts_In_Worksheet(self,wb,worksheet = "", chartname = ""): if worksheet != "" and chartname != "": sht = self._change_sheet(wb,worksheet) cht = sht.ChartObjects(chartname) self._save_chart(cht) return if worksheet == "": for sht in wb.Worksheets: for cht in sht.ChartObjects(): if chartname == "": self._save_chart(cht) else: if chartname == cht.Name: self._save_chart(cht) else: sht = wb.Worksheets(worksheet) for cht in sht.ChartObjects(): if chartname == "": self._save_chart(cht) else: if chartname == cht.Name: self._save_chart(cht) def _change_sheet(self,wb,worksheet): try: return wb.Worksheets(worksheet) except: raise NameError('Unable to Select Sheet: ' + worksheet + ' in Workbook: ' + wb.Name) def _save_chart(self,chartObject): imagename = self._get_filename(chartObject.Name) savepath = os.path.join(self.ExportPath,imagename) print savepath chartObject.Chart.Export(savepath,self.ImageType) def _get_filename(self,chartname): """ Replaces white space in self.WorkbookFileName with the value given in self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar If self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar is an empty string then self.WorkBookFileName is left as is """ if self.ImageFilename == '': self.ImageFilename == chartname if self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar != '': chartname.replace(' ',self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar) if self.ImageFilename != "": return self.ImageFilename + "_" + chartname + "." + self.ImageType else: return chartname + '.' + self.ImageTypeif __name__ == "__main__": xl = Pyxlchart() xl.WorkbookDirectory = "\\\\maawtns01\\discipline\\procurement\\MATERIEL\\Raw Material\\Data Management\\Hawk" xl.WorkbookFilename = "Hawk Workability KPI.xlsm" xl.SheetName = "" xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1" xl.ExportPath = "d:\\pycharts" xl.ChartName = "" xl.start_export() print "This file does not currently allow direct access" print "Please import PyXLChart and run start_export()" |
這里還使用Excel vba將chart另存為圖片篇中創(chuàng)建的chart_column.xlsx表，使用上面的模塊的方法如下：
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from pyxlchart import Pyxlchartxl = Pyxlchart()xl.WorkbookDirectory = "D:\\"xl.WorkbookFilename = "chart_column.xlsx"xl.SheetName = ""#xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"xl.ExportPath = "d:\\"xl.ChartName = ""xl.start_export() |
由于有該表里有多張圖表，所以上面未指定xl.ImageFilename ，使用示例如下：
Excel vba將chart另存為圖片
python下使用xlswriter模塊，可以輕松在excel 中創(chuàng)建圖片，不過想實(shí)現(xiàn)將生成的chart圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片，在email 中導(dǎo)入圖片的目標(biāo) 。經(jīng)網(wǎng)上查詢未找到通過python代碼將excel 中已經(jīng)生成的圖片導(dǎo)出為圖片的方法，不過通過變通方法，使用excel 內(nèi)的vba 宏卻可以輕松將圖片導(dǎo)出。
1、導(dǎo)出單張圖片
python 創(chuàng)建chart圖片代碼：
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#coding: utf-8import xlsxwriterimport randomdef get_num(): return random.randrange(0, 201, 2)workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('analyse_spider.xlsx') #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Excel文件worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工作表對象chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖表對象#定義數(shù)據(jù)表頭列表title = [u'業(yè)務(wù)名稱',u'星期一',u'星期二',u'星期三',u'星期四',u'星期五',u'星期六',u'星期日',u'平均流量']buname= [u'運(yùn)維之路',u'就要IT',u'baidu.com',u'361way.com',u'91it.org'] #定義頻道名稱#定義5頻道一周7天流量數(shù)據(jù)列表data = []for i in range(5): tmp = [] for j in range(7): tmp.append(get_num()) data.append(tmp)format=workbook.add_format() #定義format格式對象format.set_border(1) #定義format對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_title=workbook.add_format() #定義format_title格式對象format_title.set_border(1) #定義format_title對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_title.set_bg_color('#cccccc') #定義format_title對象單元格背景顏色為 #'#cccccc'的格式format_title.set_align('center') #定義format_title對象單元格居中對齊的格式format_title.set_bold() #定義format_title對象單元格內(nèi)容加粗的格式format_ave=workbook.add_format() #定義format_ave格式對象format_ave.set_border(1) #定義format_ave對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式format_ave.set_num_format('0.00') #定義format_ave對象單元格數(shù)字類別顯示格式#下面分別以行或列寫入方式將標(biāo)題、業(yè)務(wù)名稱、流量數(shù)據(jù)寫入起初單元格，同時(shí)引用不同格式對象worksheet.write_row('A1',title,format_title)worksheet.write_column('A2', buname,format)worksheet.write_row('B2', data[0],format)worksheet.write_row('B3', data[1],format)worksheet.write_row('B4', data[2],format)worksheet.write_row('B5', data[3],format)worksheet.write_row('B6', data[4],format)#定義圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)def chart_series(cur_row): worksheet.write_formula('I'+cur_row, \ '=AVERAGE(B'+cur_row+':H'+cur_row+')',format_ave) #計(jì)算（AVERAGE函數(shù)）頻 #道周平均流量 chart.add_series({ 'categories': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$H$1', #將“星期一至星期日”作為圖表數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽(X軸) 'values': '=Sheet1!$B$'+cur_row+':$H$'+cur_row, #頻道一周所有數(shù)據(jù)作 #為數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域 'line': {'color': 'black'}, #線條顏色定義為black(黑色) 'name': '=Sheet1!$A$'+cur_row, #引用業(yè)務(wù)名稱為圖例項(xiàng) })for row in range(2, 7): #數(shù)據(jù)域以第2～6行進(jìn)行圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)調(diào)用 chart_series(str(row))chart.set_size({'width': 577, 'height': 287}) #設(shè)置圖表大小chart.set_title ({'name': u'爬蟲分析'}) #設(shè)置圖表（上方）大標(biāo)題chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'count'}) #設(shè)置y軸（左側(cè)）小標(biāo)題worksheet.insert_chart('A8', chart) #在A8單元格插入圖表workbook.close() #關(guān)閉Excel文檔 |
由于這里只有一張圖片，通過vba 代碼很容易生成圖片 。方法為，打開該excel 圖表，通過alt + F11 快捷鍵打開宏編輯界面；打開VB編輯器的立即窗口：”視圖“-”立即窗口“，或者使用快捷鍵"Ctrl + G" ，接著輸入如下代碼
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activesheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart.Export "C:\chart.png" |
按 " Enter " 鍵后，會在C盤生成上面的生成的chart圖表。
二、導(dǎo)出多張圖表
python代碼如下：
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#coding: utf-8import xlsxwriterworkbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_column.xlsx')worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})# 這是個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)table的列headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']data = [ [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], [10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50], [30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],]worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])#############################################創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖表，類型是columnchart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})# 配置series,這個(gè)和前面wordsheet是有關(guān)系的。chart1.add_series({ 'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure a second series. Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.chart1.add_series({ 'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2], 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0], 'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart1.set_title ({'name': 'Results of sample analysis'})chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart1.set_style(11)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})######################################################################### Create a stacked chart sub-type.#chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'stacked'})# Configure the first series.chart2.add_series({ 'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure second series.chart2.add_series({ 'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart2.set_title ({'name': 'Stacked Chart'})chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart2.set_style(12)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})######################################################################### Create a percentage stacked chart sub-type.#chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'percent_stacked'})# Configure the first series.chart3.add_series({ 'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',})# Configure second series.chart3.add_series({ 'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1', 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7', 'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',})# Add a chart title and some axis labels.chart3.set_title ({'name': 'Percent Stacked Chart'})chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})# Set an Excel chart style.chart3.set_style(13)# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).worksheet.insert_chart('D34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})workbook.close() |
同一數(shù)據(jù)源上面創(chuàng)建了三種類型的圖 ，由于有三張圖，上面的導(dǎo)出一張圖的方法肯定是不行了，這里打開宏，創(chuàng)建如下宏內(nèi)容：
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Sub exportimg()Dim XlsChart As ChartObjectFor Each XlsChart In Worksheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects XlsChart.Chart.Export Filename:="C:\" & XlsChart.Name & ".jpg", FilterName:="JPG"NextEnd Sub |
該示例這里就不再截圖，具體可以自行運(yùn)行。
