本文實例講述了python http接口自動化測試框架實現(xiàn)方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
一、測試需求描述
對服務后臺一系列的http接口功能測試。
輸入：根據(jù)接口描述構造不同的參數(shù)輸入值
輸出：xml文件
eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1
二、實現(xiàn)方法
1、選用python腳本來驅動測試
2、采用excel表格管理測試數(shù)據(jù)，包括用例的管理、測試數(shù)據(jù)錄入、測試結果顯示等等，這個需要封裝一個excel的類即可。
3、調用http接口采用python封裝好的api即可
4、測試需要的http組裝字符轉處理即可
5、設置2個檢查點，xml文件中的返回值字段（通過解析xml得到）；xml文件的正確性（文件對比）
6、首次執(zhí)行測試采用半自動化的方式，即人工檢查輸出的xml文件是否正確，一旦正確將封存xml文件，為后續(xù)回歸測試的預期結果，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤手工修正為預期文件。（注意不是每次測試都人工檢查該文件，只首次測試的時候才檢查）
三、excel表格樣式
四、實現(xiàn)代碼（代碼才是王道，有注釋很容易就能看明白的）
1、測試框架代碼
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#****************************************************************# testframe.py# author : vince# version : 1.1.2# date : 2011-3-14# description: 自動化測試平臺#****************************************************************import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, timefrom xml2dict import xml2dictimport win32com.clientfrom win32com.client import dispatchimport xml.etree.elementtree as et#import mysqldb#excel表格中測試結果底色ok_color=0xffffffng_color=0xff#nt_color=0xffffnt_color=0xc0c0c0#excel表格中測試結果匯總顯示位置testtime=[1, 14]testresult=[2, 14]#excel模版設置#self.titleindex=3 #excel中測試用例標題行索引#self.casebegin =4 #excel中測試用例開始行索引#self.argbegin =3 #excel中參數(shù)開始列索引#self.argcount =8 #excel中支持的參數(shù)個數(shù)class create_excel: def __init__(self, sfile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8): self.xlapp = win32com.client.dispatch('et.application') #ms:excel wps:et try: self.book = self.xlapp.workbooks.open(sfile) except: print_error_info() print "打開文件失敗" exit() self.file=sfile self.titleindex=dtitleindex self.casebegin=dcasebegin self.argbegin=dargbegin self.argcount=dargcount self.allresult=[] self.retcol=self.argbegin+self.argcount self.xmlcol=self.retcol+1 self.resultcol=self.xmlcol+1 def close(self): #self.book.close(savechanges=0) self.book.save() self.book.close() #self.xlapp.quit() del self.xlapp def read_data(self, isheet, irow, icol): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) svalue=str(sht.cells(irow, icol).value) except: self.close() print('讀取數(shù)據(jù)失敗') exit() #去除'.0' if svalue[-2:]=='.0': svalue = svalue[0:-2] return svalue def write_data(self, isheet, irow, icol, sdata, color=ok_color): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) sht.cells(irow, icol).value = sdata.decode("utf-8") sht.cells(irow, icol).interior.color=color self.book.save() except: self.close() print('寫入數(shù)據(jù)失敗') exit() #獲取用例個數(shù) def get_ncase(self, isheet): try: return self.get_nrows(isheet)-self.casebegin+1 except: self.close() print('獲取case個數(shù)失敗') exit() def get_nrows(self, isheet): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) return sht.usedrange.rows.count except: self.close() print('獲取nrows失敗') exit() def get_ncols(self, isheet): try: sht = self.book.worksheets(isheet) return sht.usedrange.columns.count except: self.close() print('獲取ncols失敗') exit() def del_testrecord(self, suiteid): try: #為提升性能特別從for循環(huán)提取出來 nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1 ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1 begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount #提升性能 sht = self.book.worksheets(suiteid) for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows): for col in range(begincol, ncols): str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col) #清除實際結果[] startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, ok_color) else: #提升性能 sht.cells(row, col).interior.color = ok_color #清除testresul列中的測試結果，設置為nt self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', ok_color) self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultcol, 'nt', nt_color) except: self.close() print('清除數(shù)據(jù)失敗') exit()#執(zhí)行調用def httpinvoke(ipport, url): conn = httplib.httpconnection(ipport) conn.request("get", url) rsps = conn.getresponse() data = rsps.read() conn.close() return data#獲取用例基本信息[interface,argcount,[argnamelist]]def get_caseinfo(data, suiteid): caseinfolist=[] sinterface=data.read_data(suiteid, 1, 2) argcount=int(data.read_data(suiteid, 2, 2)) #獲取參數(shù)名存入argnamelist argnamelist=[] for i in range(0, argcount): argnamelist.append(data.read_data(suiteid, data.titleindex, data.argbegin+i)) caseinfolist.append(sinterface) caseinfolist.append(argcount) caseinfolist.append(argnamelist) return caseinfolist#獲取輸入def get_input(data, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist): sarge='' #參數(shù)組合 for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]): if data.read_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, data.argbegin+j) != "none": sarge=sarge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+data.read_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, data.argbegin+j)+'&' #去掉結尾的&字符 if sarge[-1:]=='&': sarge = sarge[0:-1] sinput=caseinfolist[0]+sarge #組合全部參數(shù) return sinput#結果判斷def assert_result(sreal, sexpect): sreal=str(sreal) sexpect=str(sexpect) if sreal==sexpect: return 'ok' else: return 'ng'#將測試結果寫入文件def write_result(data, suiteid, caseid, resultcol, *result): if len(result)>1: ret='ok' for i in range(0, len(result)): if result[i]=='ng': ret='ng' break if ret=='ng': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,ret, ng_color) else: data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,ret, ok_color) data.allresult.append(ret) else: if result[0]=='ng': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], ng_color) elif result[0]=='ok': data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], ok_color) else: #nt data.write_data(suiteid, data.casebegin+caseid, resultcol,result[0], nt_color) data.allresult.append(result[0]) #將當前結果立即打印 print 'case'+str(caseid+1)+':', data.allresult[-1]#打印測試結果def statisticresult(excelobj): allresultlist=excelobj.allresult count=[0, 0, 0] for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)): #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i] count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2]) print 'statistic result as follow:' print 'ok:', count[0] print 'ng:', count[1] print 'nt:', count[2]#解析xmlstring返回dictdef get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string): xml = xml2dict() return xml.fromstring(xml_string)#解析xmlfile返回dictdef get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file): xml = xml2dict() return xml.parse(xml_file)#去除歷史數(shù)據(jù)expect[real]def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, irow, icol, str): startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() excelobj.write_data(suiteid, irow, icol, str, ok_color) return str#檢查每個item （非結構體）def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol): ret='ok' for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)): real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value'] expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid) #如果檢查不一致測將實際結果寫入expect字段，格式：expect[real] #將return ng result=assert_result(real, expect) if result=='ng': writestr=expect+'['+real+']' excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, ng_color) ret='ng' return ret#檢查結構體類型def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount): ret='ok' if structcount>1: #傳入的是list for structid in range(0, structcount): structdict=real_struct_dict[structid] temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist)) if temp=='ng': ret='ng' else: #傳入的是dict temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin) if temp=='ng': ret='ng' return ret#獲取異常函數(shù)及行號def print_error_info(): """return the frame object for the caller's stack frame.""" try: raise exception except: f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)#測試結果計數(shù)器，類似switch語句實現(xiàn)def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt): calculation = {'ok':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt], 'ng':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt], 'nt':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]} return calculation[flag]() |
2、項目測試代碼
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# xxx_server_case.py# author : vince# version : 1.0# date : 2011-3-10# description: 內容服務系統(tǒng)測試代碼#****************************************************************from testframe import *from common_lib import *httpstring='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'expectxmldir=os.getcwd()+'/testdir/expect/'realxmldir=os.getcwd()+'/testdir/real/'def run(interface_name, suiteid): print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' test begin,please waiting...' global expectxmldir, realxmldir #根據(jù)接口名分別創(chuàng)建預期結果目錄和實際結果目錄 expectdir=expectxmldir+interface_name realdir=realxmldir+interface_name if os.path.exists(expectdir) == 0: os.makedirs(expectdir) if os.path.exists(realdir) == 0: os.makedirs(realdir) excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除歷史測試數(shù)據(jù) casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #獲取case個數(shù) caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #獲取case基本信息 #遍歷執(zhí)行case for caseid in range(0, casecount): #檢查是否執(zhí)行該case if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='n': write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, 'nt') continue #當前case結束，繼續(xù)執(zhí)行下一個case #獲取測試數(shù)據(jù) sinput=httpstring+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist) xmlstring=httpinvoke(com_ipport, sinput) #執(zhí)行調用 #獲取返回碼并比較 result_code=et.fromstring(xmlstring).find("result_code").text ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retcol) #保存預期結果文件 expectpath=expectdir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' #savexmlfile(expectpath, xmlstring) #保存實際結果文件 realpath=realdir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' savexmlfile(realpath, xmlstring) #比較預期結果和實際結果 ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectpath, realpath) #寫測試結果 write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, ret1, ret2) print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' test end!' |
3、測試入口
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# main.py# author : vince# version : 1.0# date : 2011-3-16# description: 測試組裝，用例執(zhí)行入口#****************************************************************from testframe import *from xxx_server_case import *import xxx_server_case#產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)接口測試#設置測試環(huán)境xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/testdir/xxx_testcase.xls')xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'#add testsuite beginrun("xxx_book_list", 4)#add other suite from here#add testsuite endstatisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)xxx_server_case.excelobj.close() |
希望本文所述對大家python程序設計有所幫助。
原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24373725/article/details/77992656
