一.前言
在以前的項(xiàng)目中,很少去關(guān)注spring aop的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)與理論,只是簡(jiǎn)單了解了一下什么是aop具體怎么用,看到了一篇博文寫(xiě)得還不錯(cuò),就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下。
AOP
AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming),即面向切面編程,可以說(shuō)是OOP(Object Oriented Programming,面向?qū)ο缶幊蹋┑难a(bǔ)充和完善。OOP引入封裝、繼承、多態(tài)等概念來(lái)建立一種對(duì)象層次結(jié)構(gòu),用于模擬公共行為的一個(gè)集合。不過(guò)OOP允許開(kāi)發(fā)者定義縱向的關(guān)系,但并不適合定義橫向的關(guān)系,例如日志功能。日志代碼往往橫向地散布在所有對(duì)象層次中,而與它對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)象的核心功能毫無(wú)關(guān)系對(duì)于其他類(lèi)型的代碼,如安全性、異常處理和透明的持續(xù)性也都是如此,這種散布在各處的無(wú)關(guān)的代碼被稱為橫切(cross cutting),在OOP設(shè)計(jì)中,它導(dǎo)致了大量代碼的重復(fù),而不利于各個(gè)模塊的重用。
AOP技術(shù)恰恰相反,它利用一種稱為"橫切"的技術(shù),剖解開(kāi)封裝的對(duì)象內(nèi)部,并將那些影響了多個(gè)類(lèi)的公共行為封裝到一個(gè)可重用模塊,并將其命名為"Aspect",即切面。所謂"切面",簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)就是那些與業(yè)務(wù)無(wú)關(guān),卻為業(yè)務(wù)模塊所共同調(diào)用的邏輯或責(zé)任封裝起來(lái),便于減少系統(tǒng)的重復(fù)代碼,降低模塊之間的耦合度,并有利于未來(lái)的可操作性和可維護(hù)性。
使用"橫切"技術(shù),AOP把軟件系統(tǒng)分為兩個(gè)部分:核心關(guān)注點(diǎn)和橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)。業(yè)務(wù)處理的主要流程是核心關(guān)注點(diǎn),與之關(guān)系不大的部分是橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)。橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是,他們經(jīng)常發(fā)生在核心關(guān)注點(diǎn)的多處,而各處基本相似,比如權(quán)限認(rèn)證、日志、事物。AOP的作用在于分離系統(tǒng)中的各種關(guān)注點(diǎn),將核心關(guān)注點(diǎn)和橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)分離開(kāi)來(lái)。
AOP核心概念
1、橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)
對(duì)哪些方法進(jìn)行攔截,攔截后怎么處理,這些關(guān)注點(diǎn)稱之為橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)
2、切面(aspect)
類(lèi)是對(duì)物體特征的抽象,切面就是對(duì)橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)的抽象
3、連接點(diǎn)(joinpoint)
被攔截到的點(diǎn),因?yàn)镾pring只支持方法類(lèi)型的連接點(diǎn),所以在Spring中連接點(diǎn)指的就是被攔截到的方法,實(shí)際上連接點(diǎn)還可以是字段或者構(gòu)造器
4、切入點(diǎn)(pointcut)
對(duì)連接點(diǎn)進(jìn)行攔截的定義
5、通知(advice)
所謂通知指的就是指攔截到連接點(diǎn)之后要執(zhí)行的代碼,通知分為前置、后置、異常、最終、環(huán)繞通知五類(lèi)
6、目標(biāo)對(duì)象
代理的目標(biāo)對(duì)象
7、織入(weave)
將切面應(yīng)用到目標(biāo)對(duì)象并導(dǎo)致代理對(duì)象創(chuàng)建的過(guò)程
8、引入(introduction)
在不修改代碼的前提下,引入可以在運(yùn)行期為類(lèi)動(dòng)態(tài)地添加一些方法或字段
Spring對(duì)AOP的支持
Spring中AOP代理由Spring的IOC容器負(fù)責(zé)生成、管理,其依賴關(guān)系也由IOC容器負(fù)責(zé)管理。因此,AOP代理可以直接使用容器中的其它bean實(shí)例作為目標(biāo),這種關(guān)系可由IOC容器的依賴注入提供。Spring創(chuàng)建代理的規(guī)則為:
1、默認(rèn)使用Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理來(lái)創(chuàng)建AOP代理,這樣就可以為任何接口實(shí)例創(chuàng)建代理了
2、當(dāng)需要代理的類(lèi)不是代理接口的時(shí)候,Spring會(huì)切換為使用CGLIB代理,也可強(qiáng)制使用CGLIB
AOP編程其實(shí)是很簡(jiǎn)單的事情,縱觀AOP編程,程序員只需要參與三個(gè)部分:
1、定義普通業(yè)務(wù)組件
2、定義切入點(diǎn),一個(gè)切入點(diǎn)可能橫切多個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)組件
3、定義增強(qiáng)處理,增強(qiáng)處理就是在AOP框架為普通業(yè)務(wù)組件織入的處理動(dòng)作
所以進(jìn)行AOP編程的關(guān)鍵就是定義切入點(diǎn)和定義增強(qiáng)處理,一旦定義了合適的切入點(diǎn)和增強(qiáng)處理,AOP框架將自動(dòng)生成AOP代理,即:代理對(duì)象的方法=增強(qiáng)處理+被代理對(duì)象的方法。
下面給出一個(gè)Spring AOP的.xml文件模板,名字叫做aop.xml,之后的內(nèi)容都在aop.xml上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd"> </ beans > |
基于Spring的AOP簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)
注意一下,在講解之前,說(shuō)明一點(diǎn):使用Spring AOP,要成功運(yùn)行起代碼,只用Spring提供給開(kāi)發(fā)者的jar包是不夠的,請(qǐng)額外上網(wǎng)下載兩個(gè)jar包:
1、aopalliance.jar
2、aspectjweaver.jar
開(kāi)始講解用Spring AOP的XML實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,先定義一個(gè)接口:
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public interface HelloWorld { void printHelloWorld(); void doPrint(); } |
定義兩個(gè)接口實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi):
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public class HelloWorldImpl1 implements HelloWorld { public void printHelloWorld() { System.out.println( "Enter HelloWorldImpl1.printHelloWorld()" ); } public void doPrint() { System.out.println( "Enter HelloWorldImpl1.doPrint()" ); return ; } } |
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public class HelloWorldImpl2 implements HelloWorld { public void printHelloWorld() { System.out.println( "Enter HelloWorldImpl2.printHelloWorld()" ); } public void doPrint() { System.out.println( "Enter HelloWorldImpl2.doPrint()" ); return ; } } |
橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn),這里是打印時(shí)間:
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public class TimeHandler { public void printTime() { System.out.println( "CurrentTime = " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } |
有這三個(gè)類(lèi)就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Spring AOP了,看一下aop.xml的配置:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd"> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl1" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl1" /> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl2" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl2" /> < bean id = "timeHandler" class = "com.xrq.aop.TimeHandler" /> < aop:config > < aop:aspect id = "time" ref = "timeHandler" > < aop:pointcut id = "addAllMethod" expression = "execution(* com.xrq.aop.HelloWorld.*(..))" /> < aop:before method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addAllMethod" /> < aop:after method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addAllMethod" /> </ aop:aspect > </ aop:config > </ beans > |
寫(xiě)一個(gè)main函數(shù)調(diào)用一下:
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public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "aop.xml" ); HelloWorld hw1 = (HelloWorld)ctx.getBean( "helloWorldImpl1" ); HelloWorld hw2 = (HelloWorld)ctx.getBean( "helloWorldImpl2" ); hw1.printHelloWorld(); System.out.println(); hw1.doPrint(); System.out.println(); hw2.printHelloWorld(); System.out.println(); hw2.doPrint(); } |
運(yùn)行結(jié)果為:
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CurrentTime = 1446129611993 Enter HelloWorldImpl1.printHelloWorld() CurrentTime = 1446129611993 CurrentTime = 1446129611994 Enter HelloWorldImpl1.doPrint() CurrentTime = 1446129611994 CurrentTime = 1446129611994 Enter HelloWorldImpl2.printHelloWorld() CurrentTime = 1446129611994 CurrentTime = 1446129611994 Enter HelloWorldImpl2.doPrint() CurrentTime = 1446129611994 |
看到給HelloWorld接口的兩個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)的所有方法都加上了代理,代理內(nèi)容就是打印時(shí)間
基于Spring的AOP使用其他細(xì)節(jié)
1、增加一個(gè)橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn),打印日志,Java類(lèi)為:
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public class LogHandler { public void LogBefore() { System.out.println( "Log before method" ); } public void LogAfter() { System.out.println( "Log after method" ); } } |
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd"> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl1" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl1" /> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl2" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl2" /> < bean id = "timeHandler" class = "com.xrq.aop.TimeHandler" /> < bean id = "logHandler" class = "com.xrq.aop.LogHandler" /> < aop:config > < aop:aspect id = "time" ref = "timeHandler" order = "1" > < aop:pointcut id = "addTime" expression = "execution(* com.xrq.aop.HelloWorld.*(..))" /> < aop:before method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addTime" /> < aop:after method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addTime" /> </ aop:aspect > < aop:aspect id = "log" ref = "logHandler" order = "2" > < aop:pointcut id = "printLog" expression = "execution(* com.xrq.aop.HelloWorld.*(..))" /> < aop:before method = "LogBefore" pointcut-ref = "printLog" /> < aop:after method = "LogAfter" pointcut-ref = "printLog" /> </ aop:aspect > </ aop:config > </ beans > |
測(cè)試類(lèi)不變,打印結(jié)果為:
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CurrentTime = 1446130273734 Log before method Enter HelloWorldImpl1.printHelloWorld() Log after method CurrentTime = 1446130273735 CurrentTime = 1446130273736 Log before method Enter HelloWorldImpl1.doPrint() Log after method CurrentTime = 1446130273736 CurrentTime = 1446130273736 Log before method Enter HelloWorldImpl2.printHelloWorld() Log after method CurrentTime = 1446130273736 CurrentTime = 1446130273737 Log before method Enter HelloWorldImpl2.doPrint() Log after method CurrentTime = 1446130273737 |
要想讓logHandler在timeHandler前使用有兩個(gè)辦法:
(1)aspect里面有一個(gè)order屬性,order屬性的數(shù)字就是橫切關(guān)注點(diǎn)的順序
(2)把logHandler定義在timeHandler前面,Spring默認(rèn)以aspect的定義順序作為織入順序
2、我只想織入接口中的某些方法
修改一下pointcut的expression就好了:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd"> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl1" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl1" /> < bean id = "helloWorldImpl2" class = "com.xrq.aop.HelloWorldImpl2" /> < bean id = "timeHandler" class = "com.xrq.aop.TimeHandler" /> < bean id = "logHandler" class = "com.xrq.aop.LogHandler" /> < aop:config > < aop:aspect id = "time" ref = "timeHandler" order = "1" > < aop:pointcut id = "addTime" expression = "execution(* com.xrq.aop.HelloWorld.print*(..))" /> < aop:before method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addTime" /> < aop:after method = "printTime" pointcut-ref = "addTime" /> </ aop:aspect > < aop:aspect id = "log" ref = "logHandler" order = "2" > < aop:pointcut id = "printLog" expression = "execution(* com.xrq.aop.HelloWorld.do*(..))" /> < aop:before method = "LogBefore" pointcut-ref = "printLog" /> < aop:after method = "LogAfter" pointcut-ref = "printLog" /> </ aop:aspect > </ aop:config > </ beans > |
表示timeHandler只會(huì)織入HelloWorld接口print開(kāi)頭的方法,logHandler只會(huì)織入HelloWorld接口do開(kāi)頭的方法
3、強(qiáng)制使用CGLIB生成代理
前面說(shuō)過(guò)Spring使用動(dòng)態(tài)代理或是CGLIB生成代理是有規(guī)則的,高版本的Spring會(huì)自動(dòng)選擇是使用動(dòng)態(tài)代理還是CGLIB生成代理內(nèi)容,當(dāng)然我們也可以強(qiáng)制使用CGLIB生成代理,那就是<aop:config>里面有一個(gè)"proxy-target-class"屬性,這個(gè)屬性值如果被設(shè)置為true,那么基于類(lèi)的代理將起作用,如果proxy-target-class被設(shè)置為false或者這個(gè)屬性被省略,那么基于接口的代理將起作用
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持服務(wù)器之家。
原文鏈接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xrq730/p/4919025.html