教你一步一步用 java 設計生成二維碼
在物聯網的時代,二維碼是個很重要的東西了,現在無論什么東西都要搞個二維碼標志,唯恐落伍,就差人沒有用二維碼識別了。也許有一天生分證或者戶口本都會用二維碼識別了。今天心血來潮,看見別人都為自己的博客添加了二維碼,我也想搞一個測試一下.
主要用來實現兩點:
1. 生成任意文字的二維碼.
2. 在二維碼的中間加入圖像.
一、準備工作。
準備QR二維碼3.0 版本的core包和一張jpg圖片。
下載QR二維碼包。
首先得下載 zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包
下載地址: 現在已經遷移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,
當然你也可以從maven倉庫下載jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/
二、程序設計
1、啟動eclipse,新建一個java項目,命好項目名(本例取名為QRCodeSoft)。點下一步:
2、導入zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包:點“添加外部JAR(X)…”。
3、新建兩個類,分別是:
BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java
QRCodeUtil.java
關鍵代碼在于:BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中測試的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。
BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代碼:
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package com.yihaomen.barcode; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource; public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource { private final BufferedImage image; private final int left; private final int top; public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) { this (image, 0 , 0 , image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()); } public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) { super (width, height); int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Crop rectangle does not fit within image data." ); } for ( int y = top; y < top + height; y++) { for ( int x = left; x < left + width; x++) { if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000 ) == 0 ) { image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF ); // = white } } } this .image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); this .image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0 , 0 , null ); this .left = left; this .top = top; } public byte [] getRow( int y, byte [] row) { if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Requested row is outside the image: " + y); } int width = getWidth(); if (row == null || row.length < width) { row = new byte [width]; } image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1 , row); return row; } public byte [] getMatrix() { int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); int area = width * height; byte [] matrix = new byte [area]; image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix); return matrix; } public boolean isCropSupported() { return true ; } public LuminanceSource crop( int left, int top, int width, int height) { return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this .left + left, this .top + top, width, height); } public boolean isRotateSupported() { return true ; } public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() { int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform( 0.0 , - 1.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , sourceWidth); BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, transform, null ); g.dispose(); int width = getWidth(); return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width); } } |
QRCodeUtil.java的程序代碼:
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package com.yihaomen.barcode; import java.awt.BasicStroke; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Shape; import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat; import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap; import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter; import com.google.zxing.Result; import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix; import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer; import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel; /** * 二維碼工具類 * */ public class QRCodeUtil { private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8" ; private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG" ; // 二維碼尺寸 private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300 ; // LOGO寬度 private static final int WIDTH = 60 ; // LOGO高度 private static final int HEIGHT = 60 ; private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET); hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1 ); BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints); int width = bitMatrix.getWidth(); int height = bitMatrix.getHeight(); BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); for ( int x = 0 ; x < width; x++) { for ( int y = 0 ; y < height; y++) { image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF ); } } if (imgPath == null || "" .equals(imgPath)) { return image; } // 插入圖片 QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress); return image; } /** * 插入LOGO * * @param source * 二維碼圖片 * @param imgPath * LOGO圖片地址 * @param needCompress * 是否壓縮 * @throws Exception */ private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { File file = new File(imgPath); if (!file.exists()) { System.err.println( "" +imgPath+ " 該文件不存在!" ); return ; } Image src = ImageIO.read( new File(imgPath)); int width = src.getWidth( null ); int height = src.getHeight( null ); if (needCompress) { // 壓縮LOGO if (width > WIDTH) { width = WIDTH; } if (height > HEIGHT) { height = HEIGHT; } Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH); BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = tag.getGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, 0 , 0 , null ); // 繪制縮小后的圖 g.dispose(); src = image; } // 插入LOGO Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics(); int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2 ; int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2 ; graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null ); Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6 , 6 ); graph.setStroke( new BasicStroke(3f)); graph.draw(shape); graph.dispose(); } /** * 生成二維碼(內嵌LOGO) * * @param content * 內容 * @param imgPath * LOGO地址 * @param destPath * 存放目錄 * @param needCompress * 是否壓縮LOGO * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); mkdirs(destPath); String file = new Random().nextInt( 99999999 )+ ".jpg" ; ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+ "/" +file)); } /** * 當文件夾不存在時,mkdirs會自動創建多層目錄,區別于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會拋出異常) * @author lanyuan * Email: [email protected] * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36 * @param destPath 存放目錄 */ public static void mkdirs(String destPath) { File file = new File(destPath); //當文件夾不存在時,mkdirs會自動創建多層目錄,區別于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會拋出異常) if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) { file.mkdirs(); } } /** * 生成二維碼(內嵌LOGO) * * @param content * 內容 * @param imgPath * LOGO地址 * @param destPath * 存儲地址 * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false ); } /** * 生成二維碼 * * @param content * 內容 * @param destPath * 存儲地址 * @param needCompress * 是否壓縮LOGO * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null , destPath, needCompress); } /** * 生成二維碼 * * @param content * 內容 * @param destPath * 存儲地址 * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null , destPath, false ); } /** * 生成二維碼(內嵌LOGO) * * @param content * 內容 * @param imgPath * LOGO地址 * @param output * 輸出流 * @param needCompress * 是否壓縮LOGO * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output); } /** * 生成二維碼 * * @param content * 內容 * @param output * 輸出流 * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null , output, false ); } /** * 解析二維碼 * * @param file * 二維碼圖片 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String decode(File file) throws Exception { BufferedImage image; image = ImageIO.read(file); if (image == null ) { return null ; } BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource( image); BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap( new HybridBinarizer(source)); Result result; Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>(); hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET); result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints); String resultStr = result.getText(); return resultStr; } /** * 解析二維碼 * * @param path * 二維碼圖片地址 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String decode(String path) throws Exception { return QRCodeUtil.decode( new File(path)); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com" ; QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg" , "c:/barcode" , true ); } } |
生成不帶logo 的二維碼
程序代碼如下:
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn" ; QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "" , "d:/MyWorkDoc" , true ); } |
運行這個測試方法,生成的二維碼不帶 logo , 樣式如下:
有興趣可以用手機掃描一下
生成帶logo 的二維碼
logo 可以用自己的頭像,或者自己喜歡的一個圖片都可以 , 采用如下代碼,程序代碼如下:
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn" ; QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg" , "d:/MyWorkDoc" , true ); } |
唯一的區別是,在前面的基礎上指定了logo 的地址,這里測試都用了c盤的圖片文件
用手機掃描,能出現要出現的文字,點擊就進入自己的網站。
以上就是用JAVA 設計生成二維碼,有興趣的朋友可以參考下,謝謝大家對本站的支持!