在正式的進入主題之前,我們先來了解下深拷貝和前拷貝的概念:
淺拷貝:
會創建一個新對象,這個對象有著原始對象屬性值的一份精確拷貝,如果屬性是基本類型,拷貝的是基本類型的值;如果屬性是內存地址,拷貝的就是內存地址,因此如果一個對象改變了這個地址就會影響到另一個對象;
深拷貝:
不僅要復制對象的所有非引用成員變量值,還要為引用類型的成員變量創建新的實例,并且初始化為形式參數實例值;
了解完概念之后,我們來測試下普通的對象賦值操作屬于深拷貝還是淺拷貝:
測試代碼:
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public class DepthCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { Copy first = new Copy( "hzw" , 24 ); Copy second = first; second.name = "shanxi" ; System.out.println(first.name); //輸出shanxi } } class Copy { public String name; public int age; public Copy(String name, int age) { this .name = name; this .age = age; } } |
可以發現,在second將name屬性值修改為shanxi之后,first的name屬性值也變成了shanxi,這點就可以看出普通的對象賦值屬于淺拷貝;
明白了對象之間賦值是淺拷貝之后,接下來我們來看看克隆到底是深拷貝還是淺拷貝,測試代碼是讓上面的Copy對象實現Cloneable接口里面的clone方法:
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public class DepthCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { Copy first = new Copy( "hzw" , 24 ); Copy second = null ; try { second = (Copy) first.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } second.name = "shanxi" ; System.out.println(first.name); //輸出: hzw System.out.println(first); //輸出: com.hzw.day33.Copy@7f39ebdb System.out.println(second); //輸出: com.hzw.day33.Copy@33abb81e } } class Copy implements Cloneable { public String name; public int age; public Copy(String name, int age) { this .name = name; this .age = age; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super .clone(); } } |
可以看出原先創建出的對象first和克隆創建出的對象second是兩個實例,因此對于second中name屬性的修改并不會影響first中的name屬性;但是,我們并不能單純的認為克隆就是深拷貝的,比如下面這個例子:
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public class DepthCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { Student student = new Student( 95 ); Copy first = new Copy( "hzw" , 24 ,student); Copy second = null ; try { second = (Copy) first.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } second.name = "shanxi" ; second.student.score = 60 ; System.out.println(first == second); //false System.out.println(first.student == second.student); //true System.out.println(first.student.score); //60 } } class Copy implements Cloneable { public String name; public int age; public Student student; public Copy(String name, int age,Student student) { this .name = name; this .age = age; this .student = student; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super .clone(); } } class Student { public int score; public Student( int score) { this .score = score; } } |
看到沒有呢?我們通過克隆的方式創建了second,很明顯發現first和second是兩個實例,因為first == second輸出為false,但是first和second里面的student對象卻是一樣的,通過second修改了student的score值之后,first里面student的score也發生了改變,這也就是說first和second里面的student是相同的,這也就說明了克隆是淺拷貝的,我們要想實現克隆的深拷貝,必須讓Copy對象里面的Student對象也要實現Cloneable接口里面的clone方法,并且在Copy里面的克隆方法返回Student的一個克隆即可,這樣就可以保證Student的唯一啦,修改之后的代碼如下:
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public class DepthCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { Student student = new Student( 95 ); Copy first = new Copy( "hzw" , 24 ,student); Copy second = null ; try { second = (Copy) first.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } second.name = "shanxi" ; second.student.score = 60 ; System.out.println(first == second); //false System.out.println(first.student == second.student); //false System.out.println(first.student.score); //95 System.out.println(second.student.score); //60 } } class Copy implements Cloneable { public String name; public int age; public Student student; public Copy(String name, int age,Student student) { this .name = name; this .age = age; this .student = student; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { Copy copy = (Copy) super .clone(); copy.student = (Student) student.clone(); return copy; } } class Student implements Cloneable { public int score; public Student( int score) { this .score = score; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super .clone(); } } |
可以看到此時first和second和first.student和second.student都不是相同的,因此我們修改second的student的score之后并沒有影響到first里的student的score值,達到了深拷貝的目的;
但是,仔細一想問題就出來了,假如我們上面例子的Student類中也存在引用類型的屬性,比如College類,那么我們必須讓College類實現Cloneable接口,然后在Student類里面的clone方法里面調用College類的clone方法,在Copy類的clone方法中調用Student類的clone方法,發現沒有了,這個過程好復雜,必須讓類中的有關引用類型全部實現Cloneable接口,感覺好麻煩是不是,好的,接下來就該牛人登場了;
解決深拷貝問題最好的方式就是采用序列化方式,這樣各種類均不用實現Cloneable接口的,直接序列化反序列化就可以啦,我們來見識下吧。
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import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.io.Serializable; public class DepthCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { College school = new College( "nongda" ); Student student = new Student( 95 , school); Copy copy = new Copy( "hzw" , 23 , student); Copy another = null ; //表示反序列化出來的類實例 //進行序列化操作 try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream( new File( "d:/copy.txt" )); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos); oos.writeObject(copy); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //進行反序列化操作 FileInputStream fis; try { fis = new FileInputStream( new File( "d:/copy.txt" )); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis); another = (Copy) ois.readObject(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(copy == another); //false System.out.println(copy.student == another.student); //false System.out.println(copy.student.school == another.student.school); //false another.student.school.schoolName = "wuda" ; System.out.println(copy.student.school.schoolName); //nongda } } class Copy implements Serializable { public String name; public int age; public Student student; public Copy(String name, int age,Student student) { this .name = name; this .age = age; this .student = student; } } class Student implements Serializable { public int score; public College school; public Student( int score,College school) { this .score = score; this .school = school; } } class College implements Serializable { public String schoolName; public College(String schoolName) { this .schoolName = schoolName; } } |
從輸出就可以看出來,反序列化之后生成的對象完全就是對原對象的一份拷貝,除了屬性值相同之外并不和原對象有任何關系,因此當我們修改反序列化生成對象的schoolName為"wuda"的時候并沒有修改原來實例的schoolName值,還是輸出"nongda",因此達到了真正的深拷貝效果,但是要想實現序列化,所有的有關類都必須實現Serializable接口,這總也比既實現Cloneable接口又實現clone方法更方便吧。
以上就是對Java 深拷貝和淺拷貝的詳細講解,有需要的可以參考下。