在ORACLE中,我們可以通過file_id(file#)與block_id(block#)去定位一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)象(object)。例如,我們?cè)?0046生成的trace文件中file#=4 block#=266 blocks=8,那么我可以通過下面兩個(gè)SQL去定位對(duì)象
SQL 1:此SQL效率較差,執(zhí)行時(shí)間較長。
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SELECT OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_EXTENTS WHERE FILE_ID =&FILE_ID AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1; |
SQL 2:此SQL效率較快(ORACLE 10g 中沒有CACHEHINT字段)
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SELECT OBJD, FILE #, BLOCK #, CLASS #, TS #, CACHEHINT, STATUS, DIRTY FROM V$BH WHERE FILE # = &FILE_ID AND BLOCK # = &BLOCK_ID; SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=&OBJECT_ID; |
下面通過一個(gè)例子來演示一下,詳情如下所示
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SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12; SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32; SQL> SELECT OWNER , 2 SEGMENT_NAME , 3 HEADER_FILE , 4 HEADER_BLOCK 5 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS 6 WHERE OWNER= 'TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME= 'EMPLOYEE' ; OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK ------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------ TEST EMPLOYEE 4 266 SQL> SQL> SELECT OWNER, 2 SEGMENT_NAME, 3 SEGMENT_TYPE, 4 TABLESPACE_NAME 5 FROM DBA_EXTENTS 6 WHERE FILE_ID = 4 7 AND 266 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1; OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME ------------ -------------------------------- ------------------ ----------------- TEST EMPLOYEE TABLE USERS SQL> SQL> SELECT OBJD, 2 FILE#, 3 BLOCK#, 4 CLASS#, 5 TS#, 6 CACHEHINT, 7 STATUS, 8 DIRTY 9 FROM V$BH 10 WHERE FILE# = 4 11 AND BLOCK# = 266; OBJD FILE# BLOCK# CLASS# TS# CACHEHINT STATUS D ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- - 76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N 76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N 76090 4 266 4 4 15 cr N SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=76090; OWNER OBJECT_NAME ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ TEST EMPLOYEE clip_image001 |
昨天在群里討論一個(gè)關(guān)于空閑塊的問題時(shí),我驗(yàn)證測試時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)奇怪的現(xiàn)象,使用下面SQL找到了一個(gè)最大空閑塊。
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SELECT UPPER (F.TABLESPACE_NAME) AS "表空間名" , D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB AS "表空間大小(M)" , D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES AS "已使用空間(M)" , TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2), '990.99' ) AS "使用比" , F.TOTAL_BYTES AS "空閑空間(M)" , F.MAX_BYTES AS "最大空閑塊(M)" FROM ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND( SUM (BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, ROUND( MAX (BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ) F, ( SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND( SUM (DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME ) D WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME; SELECT FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID, BYTES,BLOCKS FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=&TABLESPACE_NAME ORDER BY BYTES DESC ; |
然后我發(fā)現(xiàn)使用上面兩個(gè)SQL查不到對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)象。如下截圖所示:
后面查了一下資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)在Oracle Database 10g引入了回收站功能后,會(huì)將回收站(RECYCLEBIN$)中的空間計(jì)算為自由空間,加入到dba_free_space字典中。在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql中,你可以找到視圖DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義,腳本如下:
ORACLE 10g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義:
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create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID, BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO) as select ts. name , fi.file#, f.block#, f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file# from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = f.ts# and f.ts# = fi.ts# and f.file# = fi.relfile# and ts.bitmapped = 0 union all select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */ ts. name , fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno, f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts# and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile# and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0 union all select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */ ts. name , fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno, u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = rb.ts# and rb.ts# = fi.ts# and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile# and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts# and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file# and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block# and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0 union all select ts. name , fi.file#, u.block#, u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file# from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb where ts.ts# = u.ts# and u.ts# = fi.ts# and u.segfile# = fi.relfile# and u.ts# = rb.ts# and u.segfile# = rb.file# and u.segblock# = rb.block# and ts.bitmapped = 0 / ORACLE 11g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義: create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID, BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO) as select ts. name , fi.file#, f.block#, f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file# from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = f.ts# and f.ts# = fi.ts# and f.file# = fi.relfile# and ts.bitmapped = 0 union all select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */ ts. name , fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno, f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts# and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile# and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0 union all select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */ ts. name , fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno, u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi where ts.ts# = rb.ts# and rb.ts# = fi.ts# and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile# and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts# and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file# and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block# and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0 union all select ts. name , fi.file#, u.block#, u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file# from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb where ts.ts# = u.ts# and u.ts# = fi.ts# and u.segfile# = fi.relfile# and u.ts# = rb.ts# and u.segfile# = rb.file# and u.segblock# = rb.block# and ts.bitmapped = 0 / |
那么在DBA_FREE_SPACE中找到的最大空閑塊是否很有可能就是回收站中曾經(jīng)的一個(gè)對(duì)象呢?那么我們來測試看看。
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SQL> show parameter recyclebin; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ recyclebin string on SQL> CREATE TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT 2 AS 3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS; Table created. SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12; SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32; SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK 2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS 3 WHERE OWNER= 'ESCMOWNER' AND SEGMENT_NAME= 'TTT' ; OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK ------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------ ESCMOWNER TTT 97 113025 SQL> SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97; ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00007F57B2388CA0 222 1 9 97 524169 120 SQL> DROP TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT; Table dropped. SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16; SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS, SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$; OBJ# OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME FILE# BLOCK# FLAGS SPACE ---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 805429 73 TTT 97 113025 30 896 SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN; DBA Recyclebin purged. SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97 ; ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00007F57B2388CA0 222 1 9 97 113025 8 00007F57B2388CA0 225 1 9 97 524169 120 SQL> clip_image003 |
如上所示,清空回收站對(duì)象后,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)X$KTFBFE中多了一條記錄,KTFBFEFNO 和 KTFBFEBNO分別為97 ,113025, 這個(gè)值顯然就是刪除對(duì)象TTT曾經(jīng)的FILE_ID(97)和BLOCK_ID(113025)值。
另外,在測試過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),并不是每次的測試結(jié)果都是在X$KTFBFE中多一條記錄,有時(shí)候記錄不會(huì)變化,但是X$KTFBFE中某條記錄的KTFBFEBNO會(huì)變化,而這個(gè)變化跟清空回收站是有關(guān)系的。如下案例所示:
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SQL> show parameter recyclebin; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ recyclebin string on SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST.TTT 2 AS 3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS; Table created. SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12; SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32; SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK 2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS 3 WHERE OWNER= 'TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME= 'TTT' ; OWNER SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK ------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------ TEST TTT 5 130 SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ; ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00002BA829B19558 150 1 6 5 1280 506752 00002BA829B19558 151 1 6 5 508032 16256 SQL> DROP TABLE TEST.TTT; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16; SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS, SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$; OBJ# OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME FILE# BLOCK# FLAGS SPACE ---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 82820 85 TTT 5 130 30 1152 SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ; ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00002BA829B159D8 150 1 6 5 1280 506752 00002BA829B159D8 151 1 6 5 508032 16256 SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN; DBA Recyclebin purged. SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ; ADDR INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00002BA829B159D8 150 1 6 5 128 507904 00002BA829B159D8 151 1 6 5 508032 16256 SQL> clip_image004 |
如上所示,在清空回收站的表以后,你查詢X$KTFBFE,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一條記錄的KTFBFEBNO的變化了,它們的關(guān)系為
1280 -1152 = 128
所以,你會(huì)看到KTFBFEBNO的值從1280變?yōu)榱?28了。此時(shí)你查看DBA_FREE_SPACE,就會(huì)看到這樣的情況。所以當(dāng)清空回收站時(shí),有可能是數(shù)據(jù)庫將這個(gè)表的空間標(biāo)記為了空閑塊,也有可能是將這個(gè)空閑塊合并到其它空閑塊去了。
X$KTFBFE其實(shí)是這幾個(gè)單詞[k]ernel [t]ablespace [f]ile [b]itmapped [f]ree [e]xtents 的首字母。關(guān)于這個(gè)系統(tǒng)視圖最深入的介紹,莫過于這篇文章談?wù)凮racle dba_free_space,有興趣可以驗(yàn)證、測試一下。
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的關(guān)于ORACLE通過file_id與block_id定位數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)象遇到的問題引發(fā)的思考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問歡迎給我留言,小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的!
原文鏈接:http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/6576988.html