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一、實現方式

@ConfigurationProperties 注解

（最好加上前綴prefix=“person”,標明是和配置文件中哪個開頭的屬性匹配）

推薦使用用在類上，從配置文件讀取屬性值，放到對象里面，復雜的結構也適用例如map,list，對象。支持校驗:@Validated

@Valid注解

用在屬性上，需要每個屬性逐個綁定通過@value注解獲取配置文件的值,不適合做復雜類型（map,list ,對象）值得獲取不支持@Validated

二、兩者區別

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

三、代碼演示

使用@ConfigurationProperties注解

package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 從配置文件讀取屬性值，放到對象里面
* 2.通過@value注解獲取配置文件的值
*/
@Component//perosn 需要納入spring ioc 容器里
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前綴標明具體的屬性
@Validated
public class Person {
  @Email
  String email;
  String hello;
  String name;
  int age;
  boolean boss;
  Date birth;
  Map<String,String> maps;
  List<String> list;
  Dog dog;
  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "Person{" +
              "email='" + email + '\'' +
              ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
              ", name='" + name + '\'' +
              ", age=" + age +
              ", boss=" + boss +
              ", birth=" + birth +
              ", maps=" + maps +
              ", list=" + list +
              ", dog=" + dog +
              '}';
  }
  public String getEmail() {
      return email;
  }
  public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
  }
  public String getHello() {
      return hello;
  }
  public void setHello(String hello) {
      this.hello = hello;
  }
  public Dog getDog() {
      return dog;
  }
  public void setDog(Dog dog) {
      this.dog = dog;
  }
  public String getName() {
      return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
  }
  public int getAge() {
      return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
  }
  public boolean isBoss() {
      return boss;
  }
  public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
      this.boss = boss;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
      return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
      this.birth = birth;
  }
  public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
      return maps;
  }
  public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
      this.maps = maps;
  }
  public List<String> getList() {
      return list;
  }
  public void setList(List<String> list) {
      this.list = list;
  }
}
package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
public class Dog {
  String name;
  String color;
  int age;
  public String getName() {
      return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
  }
  public String getColor() {
      return color;
  }
  public void setColor(String color) {
      this.color = color;
  }
  public int getAge() {
      return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "Dog{" +
              "name='" + name + '\'' +
              ", color='" + color + '\'' +
              ", age=" + age +
              '}';
  }
}

使用@Value注解

package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 從配置文件讀取屬性值，放到對象里面，推薦使用，復雜的結構也適用例如map,list對象,
* 支持 校驗@Validated
* 2.通過@value注解獲取配置文件的值,不適合做復雜類型值得獲取,不支持@Validated，支持
*/
@Component//perosn 需要納入spring ioc 容器里
//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Validated
public class Person1 {
  @Email
  @Value("${person1.email}")
  String email;
  @Value("${person1.hello}")
  String hello;
  @Value("${person1.name}")
  String name;
  @Value("#{12*3}")//支持計算
  int age;
  @Value("${person1.boss}")
  boolean boss;
  @Value("${person1.birth}")
  Date birth;
  Map<String,String> maps;
  List<String> list;
  Dog dog;
  public String getHello() {
      return hello;
  }
  public void setHello(String hello) {
      this.hello = hello;
  }
  public Dog getDog() {
      return dog;
  }
  public void setDog(Dog dog) {
      this.dog = dog;
  }
  public String getName() {
      return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
  }
  public int getAge() {
      return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
  }
  public boolean isBoss() {
      return boss;
  }
  public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
      this.boss = boss;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
      return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
      this.birth = birth;
  }
  public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
      return maps;
  }
  public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
      this.maps = maps;
  }
  public List<String> getList() {
      return list;
  }
  public void setList(List<String> list) {
      this.list = list;
  }
  public String getEmail() {
      return email;
  }
  public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "Person1{" +
              "email='" + email + '\'' +
              ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
              ", name='" + name + '\'' +
              ", age=" + age +
              ", boss=" + boss +
              ", birth=" + birth +
              ", maps=" + maps +
              ", list=" + list +
              ", dog=" + dog +
              '}';
  }
}

配置類（application.properties）代碼

person.hello=luck
person.name=吳
#亂碼的話 就setting設置下file encoding
person.list=ww,xx,rr
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=v2
person.dog.name=cat
person.dog.color=red
person.dog.age=1
person.age=12
person.birth=2019/01/11
person.boss=false
[email protected]
person1.hello=luck
person1.name=吳
#亂碼的話 就setting設置下file encoding
person1.list=ww,xx,rr
person1.age=12
person1.birth=2019/01/11
person1.boss=false
person1.email=www

配置類(application.yml)代碼:這種方式更加結構化

person:
name: 霞
age: 16
boss : false
birth: 2012/09/12
maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
list: [dog,cat ,house,rabbits]
dog:
  name: ${person.hello}
  age: ${random.int(10)}
  color: white
hello: yula

打印結果：使用第一種方式時，如果email不是"[email protected]"這種格式，是不能運行成功的，但是使用@Value 不會校驗，如下面是"www",一樣能運行成功

Person{email='[email protected]', hello='luck', name='吳', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吳', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

四、@PropertySource 讀取指定配置文件

package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 從配置文件讀取屬性值，放到對象里面
* 2.通過@value注解獲取配置文件的值
*/
@PropertySource(value={"classpath:person.properties"})//指定讀取person.properties配置文件
@Component//perosn 需要納入spring ioc 容器里
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前綴標明具體的屬性
@Validated
public class Person2 {
  @Email
  String email;
  String hello;
  String name;
  int age;
  boolean boss;
  Date birth;
  Map<String,String> maps;
  List<String> list;
  Dog dog;
  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "Person{" +
              "email='" + email + '\'' +
              ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
              ", name='" + name + '\'' +
              ", age=" + age +
              ", boss=" + boss +
              ", birth=" + birth +
              ", maps=" + maps +
              ", list=" + list +
              ", dog=" + dog +
              '}';
  }
  public String getEmail() {
      return email;
  }
  public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
  }
  public String getHello() {
      return hello;
  }
  public void setHello(String hello) {
      this.hello = hello;
  }
  public Dog getDog() {
      return dog;
  }
  public void setDog(Dog dog) {
      this.dog = dog;
  }
  public String getName() {
      return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
  }
  public int getAge() {
      return age;
  }
  public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
  }
  public boolean isBoss() {
      return boss;
  }
  public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
      this.boss = boss;
  }
  public Date getBirth() {
      return birth;
  }
  public void setBirth(Date birth) {
      this.birth = birth;
  }
  public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
      return maps;
  }
  public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
      this.maps = maps;
  }
  public List<String> getList() {
      return list;
  }
  public void setList(List<String> list) {
      this.list = list;
  }
}

這里雖然指定了讀取person.properties配置文件，但是由于prefix=“person”,導致還是讀取了application.properties配置文件，因為application.properties權限最高，要想讀取person.properties配置文件，就得改前綴名，例如改成prefix=“person2” person.properties配置文件的內容如下：

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

沒改前綴名的結果演示：

Person{email='[email protected]', hello='luck', name='吳', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吳', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

Person{email='[email protected]', hello='luck', name='吳', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

改前綴名的代碼演示：

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

改了前綴名的結果演示：這時候讀取的就是指定的配置文件的值

Person{email='[email protected]', hello='luck', name='吳', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吳', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

Person{email='[email protected]', hello='springboot', name='指定讀取配置文件', age=12, boss=false, birth=Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k2=v2, k1=v1}, list=[@Value, @PropertySource], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

注：只能讀取 .properties 文件，無法讀取 .yml 文件

五、@ImportResource:導入Spring配置文件

讓配置文件里面的內容生效

Springboot 里沒有Spring 的配置文件，我們自己編寫的配置文件，也不能自動識別；

想讓Spring的配置文件生效，加載進來，需使用該注解

寫一個Person3 類，如圖所示：

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

自定義一個Spring配置文件，如圖所示：

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

在啟動類上注解

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

測試：自定義的這個配置文件是否生效

SpringBoot 如何從配置文件讀取值到對象中

演示結果：生效了

2019-09-11 22:15:12.247 INFO 7824 --- [ main] c.w.s.demo.DemoApplicationTests : Started DemoApplicationTests in 8.558 seconds (JVM running for 10.882)

Person{email='null', hello='null', name='null', age=0, boss=false, birth=null, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}