Spring數(shù)據(jù)源的配置
數(shù)據(jù)源(連接池)的作用
數(shù)據(jù)源(連接池)是提高程序性能如出現(xiàn)的
事先實例化數(shù)據(jù)源,初始化部分連接資源
使用連接資源時從數(shù)據(jù)源中獲取
使用完畢后將連接資源歸還給數(shù)據(jù)源
常見的數(shù)據(jù)源(連接池):DBCP、C3PO、BoneCP、Druid等
數(shù)據(jù)源的開發(fā)步驟
1、導入數(shù)據(jù)源的坐標和數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動坐標
2、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源對象
3、設置數(shù)據(jù)源的基本連接數(shù)據(jù)
4、使用數(shù)據(jù)源獲取連接資源和歸還連接資源
手動創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源
1、導入c3p0和druid坐標,mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動坐標
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< dependency > < groupId >c3p0</ groupId > < artifactId >c3p0</ artifactId > < version >0.9.1.2</ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >com.alibaba</ groupId > < artifactId >druid</ artifactId > < version >1.1.10</ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >mysql</ groupId > < artifactId >mysql-connector-java</ artifactId > < version >5.1.32</ version > </ dependency > |
2、創(chuàng)建C3P0連接池
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Test public void testC3P0 ( ) throws Exception { //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源 ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource () ; //設置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接參數(shù) dataSource.setDriverClass ( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ) ; dataSource.setJdbcUrl ( "jdbc:mysql ://localhost:3306/test" ) ; datasource.setUser ( "root" ); dataSource.setPassword ( "root" ); //獲得連接對象 Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection (); system.out.println (connection) ; |
創(chuàng)建Druid連接池
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@Test public void testDruid ( ) throws Exception { //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源 DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDatasource () ; //設置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接參數(shù) dataSource.setDriverclassName ( "com.mysql.jdbc .Driver" ) ; datasource.setUrl ( "jdbc:mysql : //localhost:3306/test" ) ; datasource.setUsername ( "root" ) ; datasource.setPassword ( "root" ) ; //獲得連接對象 connection connection = dataSource.getConnection ( ) ; System.out.println (connection) ; ) |
3、提取jdbc.properties配置文件
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jdbc .driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc :mysql://localhost:3306/test jdbc.username=root jdbc. password =root |
4、讀取jdbc.properties配置文件創(chuàng)建連接池
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@Test //測試手動創(chuàng)建 c3p0 數(shù)據(jù)源(加載properties配置文件) public void test3() throws Exception { //讀取配置文件 ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle( "jdbc" ); String driver = rb.getString( "jdbc.driver" ); String url = rb.getString( "jdbc.url" ); String username = rb.getString( "jdbc.username" ); String password = rb.getString( "jdbc.password" ); //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源對象 設置連接參數(shù) ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClass(driver); dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url); dataSource.setUser(username); dataSource.setPassword(password); Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection(); System.out.println(connection); connection.close(); } |
Spring配置數(shù)據(jù)源
可以將DataSource的創(chuàng)建權交由Spring容器去完成
DataSource有無參構造方法,而Spring默認就是通過無參構造方法實例化對象的
DataSource要想使用需要通過set方法設置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接信息,而Spring可以通過set方法進行字符串注入
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< bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" > < property name = "driverClass" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name = "jdbcUrl" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" /> < property name = "user" value = "root" /> < property name = "password" value = " root" /> </ bean > |
測試從容器當中獲取數(shù)據(jù)源
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ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ( "applicationContext.xml" ) ; DataSource dataSource = ( DataSource) applicationcontext. getBean ( "dataSource" ) ; Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection ( ) ; System.out.println ( connection) ; |
抽取jdbc配置文件
applicationContext.xml加載jdbc.properties配置文件獲得連接信息。
首先,需要引入context命名空間和約束路徑:
命名空間: xmIns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
約束路徑: http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
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< context:property-placeholder location = " classpath:jdbc.properties" /> < bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" > < property name = "driverclass" value = "${jdbc.driver}" /> < property name = "jdbcUrl" value = "${jdbc.url}" /> < property name = "user" value = "${jdbc.username} " /> < property name = "password" value = "${jdbc.password}" /> </ bean > |
Spring容器加載properties文件
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< context:property-placeholder location = "xx.properties" /> < property name = " " value = "${key} " /> |
Spring注解開發(fā)
Spring原始注解
Spring是輕代碼而重配置的框架,配置比較繁重,影響開發(fā)效率,所以注解開發(fā)是一種趨勢,注解代替xml配置
文件可以簡化配置,提高開發(fā)效率。
Spring原始注解主要是替代<Bean>的配置
注意:
使用注解進行開發(fā)時,需要在applicationContext.xml中配置組件掃描,作用是指定哪個包及其子包下的Bean需要進行掃描以便識別使用注解配置的類、字段和方法。
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<!--注解的組件掃描--> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.longdi " ></ context: component-scan> |
使用@Compont或@Repository標識UserDaolmpl需要Spring進行實例化。
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/ / @Component ( "userDao" ) @Repository ( "userDao" ) public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { @override public void save ( ) { system.out.println ( "save running . . . ..." ) ; } |
使用@Autowired或者@Autowired+@Qulifier或者@Resource進行userDao的注入
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// @Component ( "userservice ") @service ( "userservice" ) public class UserserviceImpl implements UserService { /*@Autowired CQualifier ( "userDao")*/ @Resource (name= "userDao" ) private UserDao userDao; @override public void save ( ) { userDao.save ( ) ; } ) |
使用@Value進行字符串的注入
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@Repository ( "userDao" ) public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { @value ( "注入普通數(shù)據(jù)" ) private string str; @value ( "${jdbc.driver} " ) private string driver; @override public void save () { system.out.println (str) ; system.out.println (driver) ; system.out.println ( "save running......" ) ; ) |
使用@Scope標注Bean的范圍
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// @scope ( "prototype ") @Scope ( "singleton" ) public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { //此處省略代碼 ) |
使用@PostConstruct標注初始化方法,使用@PreDestroy標注銷毀方法
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@PostConstruct public void init () { system.out.println ( "初始化方法...." ); } @PreDestroy public void destroy () { system.out.println ( "銷毀方法....." ); ) |
Spring新注解
使用上面的注解還不能全部替代xml配置文件,還需要使用注解替代的配置如下:
非自定義的Bean的配置: <bean>
加載properties文件的配置:<context:property-placeholder>
組件掃描的配置: <context:component-scan>
引入其他文件:<import>
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@lmport
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@Configuration @componentScan ( "com.longdi" ) @Import ({DataSourceConfiguration. class }) public class SpringConfiguration { ) |
@PropertySource
@value
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@Propertysource ( "classpath:jdbc.properties" ) public class DataSourceConfiguration { @value ( "${jdbc.driver}" ) private string driver ; @value ( "${jdbc.ur1 }" ) private string url; @value ( "${jdbc.username}" ) private string username ; @value ( "${jdbc.password]" ) private string password; |
@Bean
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Bean (name= "dataSource " ) public DataSource getDataSource () throws PropertyvetoException { ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource ( ) ; datasource.setDriverclass (driver) ; datasource.setJdbcUrl (url) ; datasource.setUser (username ) ; dataSource.setPassword(password) ; return dataSource; |
測試加載核心配置類創(chuàng)建Spring容器
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Test public void testAnnoConfiguration ( ) throws Exception { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext (SpringConfiguration. class ) ; UserService userService = (UserService)applicationContext.getBean ( "userService" ); userService.save () ; Datasource dataSource = (Datasource)applicationContext.getBean ( "dataSource" ) ; Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection() ; System.out.println (connection); |
Spring整合Junit
原始Junit測試Spring的問題
在測試類中,每個測試方法都有以下兩行代碼:
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ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathxmlApplicationContext ( "bean.xml " ); IAccountService as = ac.getBean ( "accountservice" ,IAccountService. class ) |
這兩行代碼的作用是獲取容器,如果不寫的話,直接會提示空指針異常。所以又不能輕易刪掉。
讓SpringJunit負責創(chuàng)建Spring容器,但是需要將配置文件的名稱告訴它
將需要進行測試Bean直接在測試類中進行注入
Spring集成Junit步驟
1、導入spring集成Junit的坐標
2、使用@Runwith注解替換原來的運行期
3、使用@contextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置類
4、使用@Autowired注入需要測試的對象
5、創(chuàng)建測試方法進行測試
1、導入spring集成Junit的坐標
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< dependency > < groupId >org.springframework</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-test</ artifactId > < version >5.0.5.RELEASE</ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >junit</ groupId > < artifactId >junit</ artifactId > < version >4.12</ version > < scope >test</ scope > </ dependency > |
2、使用@Runwith注解替換原來的運行期
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@RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) public class SpringJunitTest { } |
3、使用@contextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置類
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@RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) //加載Spring核心配置文件 //@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml") //加載Spring核心配置類 @ContextConfiguration (classes = {SpringCofiguration. class }) public class SpringJunitTest { |
4、使用@Autowired注入需要測試的對象
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@RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) @ContextConfiguration (classes = {SpringCofiguration. class }) public class SpringJunitTest { @Autowired private UserService userService; } |
5、創(chuàng)建測試方法進行測試
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@RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) @ContextConfiguration (classes = {SpringCofiguration. class }) public class SpringJunitTest { @Autowired private UserService userService; @Test public void test1() throws SQLException { userService.save(); } } |
到此這篇關于Java Spring詳解如何配置數(shù)據(jù)源注解開發(fā)以及整合Junit的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Java Spring內容請搜索服務器之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持服務器之家!
原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48838340/article/details/120769535