由于測試環境上面使用的zabbix服務器配置比較低，經常會遇到性能瓶頸（主要是數據庫和磁盤I/O等），于是倒逼我使用了一些方式來緩解這些問題。
主要是以前使用的那個備份數據庫的腳本是對zabbix數據庫進行全備的，使用的又是mysql自帶的工具mysqldump，當數據量大了之后進行全備所花的時間比較長，這樣將會造成數據庫的鎖讀。。。從而使zabbix服務以為mysql死掉了，產生一大堆的報警。
后來發現原來造成數據庫數據量大量增加的是zabbix數據庫中的一些存儲數據的大表導致的。于是備份數據庫的時候可以選擇跳過這些表進行備份，這樣，將大大減少數據庫備份所花的時間（PS：之前備份數據庫所花時間在十分鐘左右，現在跳過大表備份，所花時間在1S左右就能備份完，大大縮短了備份數據庫時間）。
下面就貼出某位大神寫的專門為zabbix數據庫做備份以及恢復的腳本：
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#!/bin/bash#author: itnihaored='\e[0;31m' # 紅色 RED='\e[1;31m'green='\e[0;32m' # 綠色 GREEN='\e[1;32m'blue='\e[0;34m' # 藍色 BLUE='\e[1;34m'purple='\e[0;35m' # 紫色 PURPLE='\e[1;35m'NC='\e[0m' # 沒有顏色 source /etc/bashrcsource /etc/profileMySQL_USER=zabbixMySQL_PASSWORD=zabbixMySQL_HOST=localhostMySQL_PORT=3306MySQL_DUMP_PATH=/opt/backupMYSQL_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysqlMYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysqldumpMySQL_DATABASE_NAME=zabbixDATE=$(date '+%Y%m%d')MySQLDUMP () { [ -d ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} ] || mkdir ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} [ -d logs ] || mkdir logs [ -d ${DATE} ] || mkdir ${DATE} cd ${DATE} #TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix)") TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix|history*|trends*|acknowledges|alerts|auditlog|events|service_alarms)") for TABLE_NAME in ${TABLE_NAME_ALL} do ${MYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH} --opt -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -P${MySQL_PORT} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} ${TABLE_NAME} >${TABLE_NAME}.sql sleep 0.01 done [ "$?" == 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log [ "$?" != 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix not succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/ rm -rf $(date +%Y%m%d --date='5 days ago') exit 0}MySQLImport () { cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} DATE=$(ls ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} |egrep "\b^[0-9]+$\b") echo -e "${green}${DATE}" echo -e "${blue}what DATE do you want to import,please input date:${NC}" read SELECT_DATE if [ -d "${SELECT_DATE}" ];then echo -e "you select is ${green}${SELECT_DATE}${NC}, do you want to contine,if,input ${red}(yes|y|Y)${NC},else then exit" read Input [[ 'yes|y|Y' =~ "${Input}" ]] status="$?" if [ "${status}" == "0" ];then echo "now import SQL....... Please wait......." else exit 1 fi cd ${SELECT_DATE} for PER_TABEL_SQL in $(ls *.sql) do ${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} < ${PER_TABEL_SQL} echo -e "import ${PER_TABEL_SQL} ${PURPLE}........................${NC}" done echo "Finish import SQL,Please check Zabbix database" else echo "Don't exist ${SELECT_DATE} DIR" fi}case "$1" inMySQLDUMP|mysqldump) MySQLDUMP ;;MySQLImport|mysqlimport) MySQLImport ;;*) echo "Usage: $0 {(MySQLDUMP|mysqldump) (MySQLImport|mysqlimport)}" ;;esac |
該腳本源出處在這https://github.com/itnihao/zabbix-book/blob/master/03-chapter/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh
我這是在大神的腳本上做了修改之后形成的適合我自己備份的腳本，各位也可以自行修改成適合自己的備份腳本。這個腳本實現的效果上面已經說了，之前做全備的時候差不多有4G左右的數據量，現在只備份配置文件數據量只有不到10M，果斷大大節省時間以及空間呀。
不過這樣的話將無法保證數據的備份，我目前考慮使用xtradbbackup對數據進行增量備份，目前還未實現，留待過兩天做吧。
好了，關于數據庫備份的事情搞了，然后還需要對大數據量的表進行表分區，參考了zabbix官網的一篇文章https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition 各位有興趣的話可以去看看，我這里將其總結在了一起，更加方便一點。
表分區可以對大數據量的表進行物理上的拆分成多個文件，但是邏輯上來看，還是一張表，對應用程序是透明的。另外，將這一張大表拆分成很多小表的話將使得數據查詢速度能夠更快。還可以隨時刪除舊的數據分區，刪除過期數據。這種方式適用于大數據量的表，但是查詢量比較少的應用場景。如果是大數據量的表，又有大量查詢的話建議還是進行分庫分表操作。
好了，不多扯了，開始作業了。
首先，登錄數據庫(PS:這個就不演示了)
然后登陸到zabbix庫中修改兩張表的結構：
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use zabbix;Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id); |
修改完之后再按照官網上的過程創建四個存儲過程：
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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create */ /* Verify that the partition does not already exist */ DECLARE RETROWS INT; SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK; IF RETROWS = 0 THEN /* 1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created. 2. Create the SQL to create the partition. 3. Execute the SQL from #2. */ SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg; SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$DELIMITER ; |
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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd) */ DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16); /* Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character. */ DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT partition_name FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE; /* Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that should be deleted. */ SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION "); SET @drop_partitions = ""; /* Start looping through all the partitions that are too old. */ OPEN myCursor; read_loop: LOOP FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name; IF done THEN LEAVE read_loop; END IF; SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name)); END LOOP; IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN /* 1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions. 2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions. 3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted. */ SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";"); PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`; ELSE /* No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate that no changes were made. */ SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`; END IF;END$$DELIMITER ; |
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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)BEGIN DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16); DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT; DECLARE CUR_TIME INT; CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL); SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00')); SET @__interval = 1; create_loop: LOOP IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF; SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600); SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00'); CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP); SET @__interval=@__interval+1; END LOOP; SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000'); CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE); END$$DELIMITER ; |
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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))BEGIN DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE RETROWS INT(11); DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP; /* * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME. */ SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL; /* * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table */ IF RETROWS = 1 THEN /* * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values. * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000"). */ SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00')); SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00'); -- Create the partitioning query SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)"); SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));"); -- Run the partitioning query PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$DELIMITER ; |
上面四個存儲過程執行后將可以使用
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CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>) |
命令對想要分區的表進行表分區了。其中的參數我這里解釋一下。
這是舉例：
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CALL partition_maintenance(zabbix, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14); |
zabbix_db_name：庫名
table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的數據
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一個分區
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少個分區
這個例子就是history_uint表最多保存31天的數據，每隔24小時生成一個分區，這次一共生成14個分區
這里可以將上面四個存儲過程保存為一個文件，導入到數據庫中，文件我稍后將會放在附件中，這里使用的命令是：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_call.sql
然后可以將CALL統一調用也做成一個文件，統一調用的內容如下：
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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))BEGIN CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 180, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 180, 24, 14);END$$DELIMITER ; |
也將該文件導入到數據庫中，使用命令：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_all.sql
好了，到了這里之后就可以使用如下命令執行表分區了：
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mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"+----------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+----------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history | N/A |+----------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+--------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history_log | N/A |+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+--------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history_str | N/A |+--------------------+--------------------++---------------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+---------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history_text | N/A |+---------------------+--------------------++---------------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+---------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history_uint | N/A |+---------------------+--------------------++---------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+---------------+--------------------+| zabbix.trends | N/A |+---------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------+| table | partitions_deleted |+--------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.trends_uint | N/A |+--------------------+--------------------+ |
看到如下結果證明所有7張表都進行了表分區，也可以在Mysql的數data目錄下看到新生成的表分區文件。（PS:注意，最好是清空history_uint表的數據之后再執行上面這條命令，否則因為這張表數據量太大，轉換時間將會好長，清空表中數據的命令為： truncate table history_uint;）
好了，這樣可以進行表分區了。
將上面這條命令寫入到計劃任務中如下：
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crontab -l|tail -101 01 * * * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" |
每天晚上的1點01執行一次。還有之前寫的備份數據庫的腳本也需要執行計劃任務每天的凌晨0點01執行備份：
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crontab -l|tail -2|head -101 00 * * * /usr/local/scripts/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh mysqldump |
這樣就大功告成了，之后再體驗一下zabbix的web頁面看是不是感覺比以前快了？
