Spring框架已是JAVA項(xiàng)目的標(biāo)配,其中Spring事務(wù)管理也是最常用的一個(gè)功能,但如果不了解其實(shí)現(xiàn)原理,使用姿勢(shì)不對(duì),一不小心就可能掉坑里。
為了更透徹的說(shuō)明這些坑,本文分四部分展開(kāi)闡述:第一部分簡(jiǎn)單介紹下Spring事務(wù)集成的幾種方式;第二部分結(jié)合Spring源代碼說(shuō)明Spring事務(wù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理;第三部分通過(guò)實(shí)際測(cè)試代碼介紹關(guān)于Spring事務(wù)的坑;第四部分是對(duì)本文的總結(jié)。
一、Spring事務(wù)管理的幾種方式:
Spring事務(wù)在具體使用方式上可分為兩大類(lèi):
1. 聲明式
- 基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean的聲明式事務(wù)管理
- 基于 <tx> 和 <aop> 命名空間的事務(wù)管理
- 基于 @Transactional 的聲明式事務(wù)管理
2. 編程式
- 基于事務(wù)管理器API 的編程式事務(wù)管理
- 基于TransactionTemplate 的編程式事務(wù)管理
目前大部分項(xiàng)目使用的是聲明式的后兩種:
- 基于 <tx> 和 <aop> 命名空間的聲明式事務(wù)管理可以充分利用切點(diǎn)表達(dá)式的強(qiáng)大支持,使得管理事務(wù)更加靈活。
- 基于 @Transactional 的方式需要實(shí)施事務(wù)管理的方法或者類(lèi)上使用 @Transactional 指定事務(wù)規(guī)則即可實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)管理,在Spring Boot中通常也建議使用這種注解方式來(lái)標(biāo)記事務(wù)。
二、Spring事務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制
接下來(lái)我們?cè)敿?xì)看下Spring事務(wù)的源代碼,進(jìn)而了解其工作原理。我們從<tx>標(biāo)簽的解析類(lèi)開(kāi)始:
- @Override
- public void init() {
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());
- registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());
- }
- }
- class TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser {
- @Override
- protected Class<?> getBeanClass(Element element) {
- return TransactionInterceptor.class;
- }
- }
由此可看到Spring事務(wù)的核心實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)TransactionInterceptor及其父類(lèi)TransactionAspectSupport,其實(shí)現(xiàn)了事務(wù)的開(kāi)啟、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作、事務(wù)提交、回滾等。我們平時(shí)在開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)如果想確定是否在事務(wù)中,也可以在該方法進(jìn)行斷點(diǎn)調(diào)試。
TransactionInterceptor:
- public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
- Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
- // Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
- return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, new InvocationCallback() {
- @Override
- public Object proceedWithInvocation() throws Throwable {
- return invocation.proceed();
- }
- });
- }
TransactionAspectSupport
- protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, final InvocationCallback invocation)
- throws Throwable {
- // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
- final TransactionAttribute txAttr = getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
- final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
- final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
- if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
- // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
- TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
- Object retVal = null;
- try {
- // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
- // This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
- retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
- }
- catch (Throwable ex) {
- // target invocation exception
- completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
- throw ex;
- }
- finally {
- cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
- }
- commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
- return retVal;
- }
- }
至此我們了解事務(wù)的整個(gè)調(diào)用流程,但還有一個(gè)重要的機(jī)制沒(méi)分析到,那就是Spring 事務(wù)針對(duì)不同的傳播級(jí)別控制當(dāng)前獲取的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接。接下來(lái)我們看下Spring獲取連接的工具類(lèi)DataSourceUtils,JdbcTemplate、Mybatis-Spring也都是通過(guò)該類(lèi)獲取Connection。
- public abstract class DataSourceUtils {
- …
- public static Connection getConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws CannotGetJdbcConnectionException {
- try {
- return doGetConnection(dataSource);
- }
- catch (SQLException ex) {
- throw new CannotGetJdbcConnectionException("Could not get JDBC Connection", ex);
- }
- }
- public static Connection doGetConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
- Assert.notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified");
- ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);
- if (conHolder != null && (conHolder.hasConnection() || conHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction())) {
- conHolder.requested();
- if (!conHolder.hasConnection()) {
- logger.debug("Fetching resumed JDBC Connection from DataSource");
- conHolder.setConnection(dataSource.getConnection());
- }
- return conHolder.getConnection();
- }
- …
- }
TransactionSynchronizationManager也是一個(gè)事務(wù)同步管理的核心類(lèi),它實(shí)現(xiàn)了事務(wù)同步管理的職能,包括記錄當(dāng)前連接持有connection holder。
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TransactionSynchronizationManager
- private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources =
- new NamedThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>>("Transactional resources");
- …
- public static Object getResource(Object key) {
- Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);
- Object value = doGetResource(actualKey);
- if (value != null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace("Retrieved value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] bound to thread [" +
- Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
- }
- return value;
- }
- /**
- * Actually check the value of the resource that is bound for the given key.
- */
- private static Object doGetResource(Object actualKey) {
- Map<Object, Object> map = resources.get();
- if (map == null) {
- return null;
- }
- Object value = map.get(actualKey);
- // Transparently remove ResourceHolder that was marked as void...
- if (value instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder) value).isVoid()) {
- map.remove(actualKey);
- // Remove entire ThreadLocal if empty...
- if (map.isEmpty()) {
- resources.remove();
- }
- value = null;
- }
- return value;
- }
在事務(wù)管理器類(lèi)AbstractPlatformTransactionManager中,getTransaction獲取事務(wù)時(shí),會(huì)處理不同的事務(wù)傳播行為,例如當(dāng)前存在事務(wù),但調(diào)用方法事務(wù)傳播級(jí)別為REQUIRES_NEW、PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED時(shí),對(duì)當(dāng)前事務(wù)進(jìn)行掛起、恢復(fù)等操作,以此保證了當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作獲取正確的Connection。
具體是在子事務(wù)提交的最后會(huì)將掛起的事務(wù)恢復(fù),恢復(fù)時(shí)重新調(diào)用TransactionSynchronizationManager. bindResource設(shè)置之前的connection holder,這樣再獲取的連接就是被恢復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接, TransactionSynchronizationManager當(dāng)前激活的連接只能是一個(gè)。
AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
- private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
- TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
- throws TransactionException {
- if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
- if (debugEnabled) {
- logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
- definition.getName() + "]");
- }
- SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendsuspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
- try {
- boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
- DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
- definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
- doBegin(transaction, definition);
- prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
- return status;
- }
- catch (RuntimeException beginEx) {
- resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
- throw beginEx;
- }
- catch (Error beginErr) {
- resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginErr);
- throw beginErr;
- }
- }
- **
- * Clean up after completion, clearing synchronization if necessary,
- * and invoking doCleanupAfterCompletion.
- * @param status object representing the transaction
- * @see #doCleanupAfterCompletion
- */
- private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
- status.setCompleted();
- if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
- TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
- }
- if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
- doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
- }
- if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
- if (status.isDebug()) {
- logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction after completion of inner transaction");
- }
- resume(status.getTransaction(), (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
- }
- }
Spring的事務(wù)是通過(guò)AOP代理類(lèi)中的一個(gè)Advice(TransactionInterceptor)進(jìn)行生效的,而傳播級(jí)別定義了事務(wù)與子事務(wù)獲取連接、事務(wù)提交、回滾的具體方式。
AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming),即面向切面編程。Spring AOP技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)上其實(shí)就是代理類(lèi),具體可分為靜態(tài)代理和動(dòng)態(tài)代理兩大類(lèi),其中靜態(tài)代理是指使用 AOP 框架提供的命令進(jìn)行編譯,從而在編譯階段就可生成 AOP 代理類(lèi),因此也稱(chēng)為編譯時(shí)增強(qiáng);(AspectJ);而動(dòng)態(tài)代理則在運(yùn)行時(shí)借助于 默寫(xiě)類(lèi)庫(kù)在內(nèi)存中“臨時(shí)”生成 AOP 動(dòng)態(tài)代理類(lèi),因此也被稱(chēng)為運(yùn)行時(shí)增強(qiáng)。其中java是使用的動(dòng)態(tài)代理模式 (JDK+CGLIB)。
JDK動(dòng)態(tài)代理 JDK動(dòng)態(tài)代理主要涉及到j(luò)ava.lang.reflect包中的兩個(gè)類(lèi):Proxy和InvocationHandler。InvocationHandler是一個(gè)接口,通過(guò)實(shí)現(xiàn)該接口定義橫切邏輯,并通過(guò)反射機(jī)制調(diào)用目標(biāo)類(lèi)的代碼,動(dòng)態(tài)將橫切邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯編制在一起。Proxy利用InvocationHandler動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)符合某一接口的實(shí)例,生成目標(biāo)類(lèi)的代理對(duì)象。
CGLIB動(dòng)態(tài)代理 CGLIB全稱(chēng)為Code Generation Library,是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的高性能,高質(zhì)量的代碼生成類(lèi)庫(kù),可以在運(yùn)行期擴(kuò)展Java類(lèi)與實(shí)現(xiàn)Java接口,CGLIB封裝了asm,可以再運(yùn)行期動(dòng)態(tài)生成新的class。和JDK動(dòng)態(tài)代理相比較:JDK創(chuàng)建代理有一個(gè)限制,就是只能為接口創(chuàng)建代理實(shí)例,而對(duì)于沒(méi)有通過(guò)接口定義業(yè)務(wù)方法的類(lèi),則可以通過(guò)CGLIB創(chuàng)建動(dòng)態(tài)代理。
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CGLIB 創(chuàng)建代理的速度比較慢,但創(chuàng)建代理后運(yùn)行的速度卻非常快,而 JDK 動(dòng)態(tài)代理正好相反。如果在運(yùn)行的時(shí)候不斷地用 CGLIB 去創(chuàng)建代理,系統(tǒng)的性能會(huì)大打折扣。因此如果有接口,Spring默認(rèn)使用JDK 動(dòng)態(tài)代理,源代碼如下:
- public class DefaultAopProxyFactory implements AopProxyFactory, Serializable {
- @Override
- public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
- if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {
- Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
- if (targetClass == null) {
- throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
- "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
- }
- if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
- return new ObjenesisCGLIBAopProxy(config);
- }
- else {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
- }
- }
在了解Spring代理的兩種特點(diǎn)后,我們也就知道在做事務(wù)切面配置時(shí)的一些注意事項(xiàng),例如JDK代理時(shí)方法必須是public,CGLIB代理時(shí)必須是public、protected,且類(lèi)不能是final的;在依賴(lài)注入時(shí),如果屬性類(lèi)型定義為實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi),JDK代理時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)如下注入異常:
- org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.wwb.test.TxTestAop': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'service'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'stockService' is expected to be of type 'com.wwb.service.StockProcessServiceImpl' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy14'
但如果修改為CGLIB代理時(shí)則會(huì)成功注入,所以如果有接口,建議注入時(shí)該類(lèi)屬性都定義為接口。另外事務(wù)切點(diǎn)都配置在實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)和接口都可以生效,但建議加在實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)上。
官網(wǎng)關(guān)于Spring AOP的詳細(xì)介紹
https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html%23aop
三、Spring事務(wù)的那些坑
通過(guò)之前章節(jié),相信您已經(jīng)掌握了spring事務(wù)的使用方式與原理,不過(guò)還是要注意,因?yàn)橐徊恍⌒木涂赡芫偷艨印J紫瓤吹谝粋€(gè)坑:
3.1 事務(wù)不生效
測(cè)試代碼,事務(wù)AOP配置:
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在連接點(diǎn)方法上應(yīng)用的事務(wù)屬性 -->
- <tx:method name="openAccount" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openStockInAnotherDb" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>
- <tx:method name="openTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- <tx:method name="openWithoutTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="NEVER"/>
- <tx:method name="openWithMultiTx" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- </tx:advice>
- public class StockProcessServiceImpl implements IStockProcessService{
- @Autowired
- private IAccountDao accountDao;
- @Autowired
- private IStockDao stockDao;
- @Override
- public void openAccount(String aname, double money) {
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- }
- @Override
- public void openStock(String sname, int amount) {
- stockDao.insertStock(sname, amount);
- }
- @Override
- public void openStockInAnotherDb(String sname, int amount) {
- stockDao.insertStock(sname, amount);
- }
- }
- public void insertAccount(String aname, double money) {
- String sql = "insert into account(aname, balance) values(?,?)";
- this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, aname, money);
- DbUtils.printDBConnectionInfo("insertAccount",getDataSource());
- }
- public void insertStock(String sname, int amount) {
- String sql = "insert into stock(sname, count) values (?,?)";
- this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql , sname, amount);
- DbUtils.printDBConnectionInfo("insertStock",getDataSource());
- }
- public static void printDBConnectionInfo(String methodName,DataSource ds) {
- Connection connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(ds);
- System.out.println(methodName+" connection hashcode="+connection.hashCode());
- }
- //調(diào)用同類(lèi)方法,外圍配置事務(wù)
- public void openTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStock(aname,11);
- }
1.運(yùn)行輸出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=319558327
insertStock connection hashcode=319558327
- //調(diào)用同類(lèi)方法,外圍未配置事務(wù)
- public void openWithoutTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStock(aname,11);
- }
2.運(yùn)行輸出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=1333810223
insertStock connection hashcode=1623009085
- //通過(guò)AopContext.currentProxy()方法獲取代理
- @Override
- public void openWithMultiTx(String aname, double money) {
- openAccount(aname,money);
- openStockInAnotherDb(aname, 11);//傳播級(jí)別為REQUIRES_NEW
- }
3.運(yùn)行輸出:
insertAccount connection hashcode=303240439
insertStock connection hashcode=303240439
可以看到2、3測(cè)試方法跟我們事務(wù)預(yù)期并一樣,結(jié)論:調(diào)用方法未配置事務(wù)、本類(lèi)方法直接調(diào)用,事務(wù)都不生效!
究其原因,還是因?yàn)镾pring的事務(wù)本質(zhì)上是個(gè)代理類(lèi),而本類(lèi)方法直接調(diào)用時(shí)其對(duì)象本身并不是織入事務(wù)的代理,所以事務(wù)切面并未生效。具體可以參見(jiàn)#Spring事務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制#章節(jié)。
Spring也提供了判斷是否為代理的方法:
- public static void printProxyInfo(Object bean) {
- System.out.println("isAopProxy"+AopUtils.isAopProxy(bean));
- System.out.println("isCGLIBProxy="+AopUtils.isCGLIBProxy(bean));
- System.out.println("isJdkProxy="+AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(bean));
- }
那如何修改為代理類(lèi)調(diào)用呢?最直接的想法是注入自身,代碼如下:
- @Autowired
- private IStockProcessService stockProcessService;
- //注入自身類(lèi),循環(huán)依賴(lài),親測(cè)可以
- public void openTx(String aname, double money) {
- stockProcessService.openAccount(aname,money);
- stockProcessService.openStockInAnotherDb (aname,11);
- }
當(dāng)然Spring提供了獲取當(dāng)前代理的方法:代碼如下:
- //通過(guò)AopContext.currentProxy()方法獲取代理
- @Override
- public void openWithMultiTx(String aname, double money) {
- ((IStockProcessService)AopContext.currentProxy()).openAccount(aname,money);
- ((IStockProcessService)AopContext.currentProxy()).openStockInAnotherDb(aname, 11);
- }
另外Spring是通過(guò)TransactionSynchronizationManager類(lèi)中線程變量來(lái)獲取事務(wù)中數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接,所以如果是多線程調(diào)用或者繞過(guò)Spring獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接,都會(huì)導(dǎo)致Spring事務(wù)配置失效。
最后Spring事務(wù)配置失效的場(chǎng)景:
- 事務(wù)切面未配置正確
- 本類(lèi)方法調(diào)用
- 多線程調(diào)用
- 繞開(kāi)Spring獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
接下來(lái)我們看下Spring的事務(wù)的另外一個(gè)坑:
3.2 事務(wù)不回滾
測(cè)試代碼:
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在連接點(diǎn)方法上應(yīng)用的事務(wù)屬性 -->
- <tx:method name="buyStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- public void buyStock(String aname, double money, String sname, int amount) throws StockException {
- boolean isBuy = true;
- accountDao.updateAccount(aname, money, isBuy);
- // 故意拋出異常
- if (true) {
- throw new StockException("購(gòu)買(mǎi)股票異常");
- }
- stockDao.updateStock(sname, amount, isBuy);
- }
- @Test
- public void testBuyStock() {
- try {
- service.openAccount("dcbs", 10000);
- service.buyStock("dcbs", 2000, "dap", 5);
- } catch (StockException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- double accountBalance = service.queryAccountBalance("dcbs");
- System.out.println("account balance is " + accountBalance);
- }
輸出結(jié)果:
insertAccount connection hashcode=656479172
updateAccount connection hashcode=517355658
account balance is 8000.0
應(yīng)用拋出異常,但accountDao.updateAccount卻進(jìn)行了提交。究其原因,直接看Spring源代碼:
TransactionAspectSupport
- protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
- if (txInfo != null && txInfo.hasTransaction()) {
- if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
- "] after exception: " + ex);
- }
- if (txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
- try {
- txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
- }
- catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
- logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
- ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
- throw ex2;
- }
- …
- }
- public class DefaultTransactionAttribute extends DefaultTransactionDefinition implements TransactionAttribute {
- @Override
- public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
- return (ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);
- }
- …
- }
由代碼可見(jiàn),Spring事務(wù)默認(rèn)只對(duì)RuntimeException和Error進(jìn)行回滾,如果應(yīng)用需要對(duì)指定的異常類(lèi)進(jìn)行回滾,可配置rollback-for=屬性,例如:
- <!-- 注冊(cè)事務(wù)通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <!-- 指定在連接點(diǎn)方法上應(yīng)用的事務(wù)屬性 -->
- <tx:method name="buyStock" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="StockException"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
事務(wù)不回滾的原因:
- 事務(wù)配置切面未生效
- 應(yīng)用方法中將異常捕獲
- 拋出的異常不屬于運(yùn)行時(shí)異常(例如IOException),
- rollback-for屬性配置不正確
接下來(lái)我們看下Spring事務(wù)的第三個(gè)坑:
3.3 事務(wù)超時(shí)不生效
測(cè)試代碼:
- <!-- 注冊(cè)事務(wù)通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="openAccountForLongTime" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" timeout="3"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- @Override
- public void openAccountForLongTime(String aname, double money) {
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L);//在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作之后超時(shí)
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @Test
- public void testTimeout() {
- service.openAccountForLongTime("dcbs", 10000);
- }
正常運(yùn)行,事務(wù)超時(shí)未生效
- public void openAccountForLongTime(String aname, double money) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L); //在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作之前超時(shí)
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- accountDao.insertAccount(aname, money);
- }
拋出事務(wù)超時(shí)異常,超時(shí)生效
org.springframework.transaction.TransactionTimedOutException: Transaction timed out: deadline was Fri Nov 23 17:03:02 CST 2018
at org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceHolderSupport.checkTransactionTimeout(ResourceHolderSupport.java:141)
…
通過(guò)源碼看看Spring事務(wù)超時(shí)的判斷機(jī)制:
ResourceHolderSupport
- /**
- * Return the time to live for this object in milliseconds.
- * @return number of millseconds until expiration
- * @throws TransactionTimedOutException if the deadline has already been reached
- */
- public long getTimeToLiveInMillis() throws TransactionTimedOutException{
- if (this.deadline == null) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("No timeout specified for this resource holder");
- }
- long timeToLive = this.deadline.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis();
- checkTransactionTimeout(timeToLive <= 0);
- return timeToLive;
- }
- /**
- * Set the transaction rollback-only if the deadline has been reached,
- * and throw a TransactionTimedOutException.
- */
- private void checkTransactionTimeout(boolean deadlineReached) throws TransactionTimedOutException {
- if (deadlineReached) {
- setRollbackOnly();
- throw new TransactionTimedOutException("Transaction timed out: deadline was " + this.deadline);
- }
- }
通過(guò)查看getTimeToLiveInMillis方法的Call Hierarchy,可以看到被DataSourceUtils的applyTimeout所調(diào)用, 繼續(xù)看applyTimeout的Call Hierarchy,可以看到有兩處調(diào)用,一個(gè)是JdbcTemplate,一個(gè)是TransactionAwareInvocationHandler類(lèi),后者是只有TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy類(lèi)調(diào)用,該類(lèi)為DataSource的事務(wù)代理類(lèi),我們一般并不會(huì)用到。難道超時(shí)只能在這調(diào)用JdbcTemplate中生效?寫(xiě)代碼親測(cè):
- <!-- 注冊(cè)事務(wù)通知 -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="myTxManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="openAccountForLongTimeWithoutJdbcTemplate" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED" timeout="3"/>
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- public void openAccountForLongTimeWithoutJdbcTemplate(String aname, double money) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- accountDao.queryAccountBalanceWithoutJdbcTemplate(aname);
- }
- public double queryAccountBalanceWithoutJdbcTemplate(String aname) {
- String sql = "select balance from account where aname = ?";
- PreparedStatement prepareStatement;
- try {
- prepareStatement = this.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
- prepareStatement.setString(1, aname);
- ResultSet executeQuery = prepareStatement.executeQuery();
- while(executeQuery.next()) {
- return executeQuery.getDouble(1);
- }
- } catch (CannotGetJdbcConnectionException | SQLException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return 0;
- }
運(yùn)行正常,事務(wù)超時(shí)失效
由上可見(jiàn):Spring事務(wù)超時(shí)判斷在通過(guò)JdbcTemplate的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作時(shí),所以如果超時(shí)后未有JdbcTemplate方法調(diào)用,則無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確判斷超時(shí)。另外也可以得知,如果通過(guò)Mybatis等操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),Spring的事務(wù)超時(shí)是無(wú)效的。鑒于此,Spring的事務(wù)超時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎使用。
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四、 總結(jié)
JDBC規(guī)范中Connection 的setAutoCommit是原生控制手動(dòng)事務(wù)的方法,但傳播行為、異常回滾、連接管理等很多技術(shù)問(wèn)題都需要開(kāi)發(fā)者自己處理,而Spring事務(wù)通過(guò)AOP方式非常優(yōu)雅的屏蔽了這些技術(shù)復(fù)雜度,使得事務(wù)管理變的異常簡(jiǎn)單。
但凡事有利弊,如果對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制理解不透徹,很容易掉坑里。最后總結(jié)下Spring事務(wù)的可能踩的坑:
1. Spring事務(wù)未生效
- 調(diào)用方法本身未正確配置事務(wù)
- 本類(lèi)方法直接調(diào)用
- 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作未通過(guò)Spring的DataSourceUtils獲取Connection
- 多線程調(diào)用
2. Spring事務(wù)回滾失效
- 未準(zhǔn)確配置rollback-for屬性
- 異常類(lèi)不屬于RuntimeException與Error
- 應(yīng)用捕獲了異常未拋出
3. Spring事務(wù)超時(shí)不準(zhǔn)確或失效
- 超時(shí)發(fā)生在最后一次JdbcTemplate操作之后
- 通過(guò)非JdbcTemplate操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),例如Mybatis
原文地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/etQvWD76XNs4ciZXnJ5TjQ